Ankylosing hyperostosis [Forestier], cervicothoracic region

This code represents a non-inflammatory systemic skeletal disorder characterized by ossification of ligaments and entheses, specifically affecting the cervical and thoracic spine. It involves the formation of new bone along the anterior longitudinal ligament, leading to bridging osteophytes and reduced spinal mobility in the neck and upper back.

Use this code for patients diagnosed with Forestier's disease (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis - DISH) where the cervicothoracic region is the primary or most significantly affected area. Documentation should clearly indicate ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament or bridging osteophytes in the cervical and/or thoracic spine, often noted on imaging studies.

• Do not confuse with ankylosing spondylitis (M45.-), which is an inflammatory arthropathy with different diagnostic criteria.
• Ensure documentation specifies the cervicothoracic region; other M48.1 subcategories exist for different spinal regions.
• Code additional spinal conditions, such as myelopathy or radiculopathy, if present and documented as associated with the hyperostosis.