Hepatic veno-occlusive disease

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD), also known as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), is a rare but serious condition characterized by non-thrombotic occlusion of the small intrahepatic veins and sinusoids. This obstruction leads to portal hypertension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and jaundice, often resulting from damage to the endothelial cells lining the hepatic sinusoids.

Use this code when documentation clearly indicates a diagnosis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease or sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. This condition is frequently associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), chemotherapy, or exposure to certain toxins (e.g., pyrrolizidine alkaloids). Supporting documentation should detail clinical signs of liver injury, imaging findings consistent with sinusoidal obstruction, and a history of causative factors.

• Remember the Excludes1 note for Budd-Chiari syndrome (I82.0); these conditions are distinct and should not be coded together.
• Specify any underlying cause or associated condition, such as complications of chemotherapy (T45.1X5-), if documented.
• Ensure documentation differentiates HVOD from other causes of liver failure or portal hypertension.