Fibrothorax

Fibrothorax is a restrictive lung condition characterized by the thickening and hardening of the visceral and/or parietal pleura due to chronic inflammation and fibrous tissue deposition. This extensive scarring encases the lung, impairing its expansion and leading to reduced lung volume and respiratory compromise. It often results from unresolved pleural effusions, empyema, or hemothorax.

Use this code for patients diagnosed with significant pleural fibrosis that restricts lung function. Documentation should clearly indicate the presence of dense, organized fibrous tissue within the pleural space, often noted on imaging studies (e.g., CT scan) or during surgical exploration. This code is appropriate when the fibrotic process is the primary cause of the patient's respiratory symptoms.

• Differentiate from simple pleural thickening (R91.8) or pleural effusion (J90) unless the fibrosis is extensive and restrictive.
• Code any underlying cause of the fibrothorax (e.g., previous empyema, tuberculosis) as an additional diagnosis, if applicable and still active or relevant.
• Ensure documentation specifies "fibrothorax" or clearly describes extensive, restrictive pleural fibrosis, not just minor scarring.